The UPSC Mains (Civil Services Main Examination) is the second stage of the Civil Services Examination (CSE) conducted by the Union Public Service Commission (UPSC) in India. The Mains exam consists of nine papers, out of which seven are merit-based and two are qualifying in nature. Here’s an overview of the UPSC Mains syllabus for each of the nine papers:

1. Paper-A: Indian Language (Qualifying):

• One of the Indian languages listed in the Eighth Schedule of the Indian Constitution is to be selected.
• The aim is to test the candidate’s ability to read, write, and understand the chosen language.

2. Paper-B: English (Qualifying):

• English language skills, including comprehension, précis writing, communication skills, and grammar, are tested.

3. Paper-I: Essay (Merit-Based):

• Candidates have to write two essays, one each from Section A and Section B.
• Topics may cover a wide range of issues, including societal, political, economic, and philosophical subjects.

4. Paper-II: General Studies-I (Merit-Based):

• Indian Heritage and Culture, History, and Geography of the World and Society.
• Topics include Indian culture, history of India and the world, geographical aspects, and societal issues.

5. Paper-III: General Studies-II (Merit-Based):

• Governance, Constitution, Polity, Social Justice, and International Relations.
• This paper focuses on topics related to the Indian Constitution, governance, and international relations.

6. Paper-IV: General Studies-III (Merit-Based):

• Technology, Economic Development, Biodiversity, Environment, Security, and Disaster Management.
• It covers subjects like the Indian economy, environmental issues, and national security.

7. Paper-V: General Studies-IV (Merit-Based):

• Ethics, Integrity, and Aptitude.
• This paper assesses ethical and moral values, integrity, and aptitude.

8. Paper-VI: Optional Subject Paper-I (Merit-Based):

• Candidates choose one optional subject from a list provided by UPSC.
• The syllabus for this paper depends on the chosen optional subject.

9. Paper-VII: Optional Subject Paper-II (Merit-Based):

• Continuation of the optional subject chosen by the candidate.

Please note that the optional subjects vary widely, and the syllabus for each optional subject is different. It is essential to select an optional subject that you are comfortable with and have a deep understanding of.

To prepare effectively for the UPSC Mains, it’s crucial to thoroughly understand the syllabus for each paper, practice answer writing, and focus on current affairs. Additionally, consulting standard reference books, attending coaching classes (if required), and participating in mock tests and answer writing sessions can help you excel in this examination.

You can Download detailed Syllabus here.